OkinawaMarines used dispersed-basing doctrine in combat, first ever.
Small forward sites let aircraft refuel where fixed bases were already taking hits.
The 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit set up remote refuelling points and sensing sites during the Iran campaign.
The Marine Corps has not said which governments hosted the sites, leaving the host-consent question unanswered.
How each outlet framed it
- The War Zone
- documents EABO transition from experimental concept to operational doctrine in contested airspace—Marines refueling/rearming aircraft under Iranian fire
Sources: The War Zone