SOUTH AMERICA

Brazil

Brasília · pop. 213M · Portuguese · Brazilian real

conflict

2 events · 2 killed

Aug 25–31, the latest week from UCDP

Trajectories

economic complexity

#59

Slipping in export sophistication, from #29 in 1995.

2024 · 0.35

Harvard Growth Lab · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers30

when	value	change
1995	0.82
1996	0.82	0 pts
1997	0.81	−0.01 pts
1998	0.84	+0.04 pts
1999	0.84	−0.01 pts
2000high	0.91	+0.07 pts
2001	0.81	−0.10 pts
2002	0.84	+0.04 pts
2003	0.81	−0.04 pts
2004	0.74	−0.06 pts
2005	0.75	+0.01 pts
2006	0.75	0 pts
2007	0.72	−0.03 pts
2008	0.69	−0.03 pts
2009	0.67	−0.02 pts
2010	0.76	+0.09 pts
2011	0.71	−0.05 pts
2012	0.67	−0.04 pts
2013	0.69	+0.02 pts
2014	0.64	−0.05 pts
2015	0.65	+0.01 pts
2016	0.65	−0.01 pts
2017	0.60	−0.04 pts
2018	0.53	−0.07 pts
2019	0.48	−0.05 pts
2020	0.38	−0.10 pts
2021	0.36	−0.03 pts
2022	0.43	+0.07 pts
2023	0.38	−0.05 pts
2024latest	0.35	−0.03 pts

economic momentum

$10.3K

Tripled since 2000. GDP per head in 2024, in current US dollars.

2024 · $10.3K

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers35

when	value	change
1990	$2,620
1991	$2,258	−13.8%
1992low	$2,127	−5.8%
1993	$2,349	+10.4%
1994	$3,299	+40.4%
1995	$4,757	+44.2%
1996	$5,179	+8.9%
1997	$5,299	+2.3%
1998	$5,106	−3.7%
1999	$3,494	−31.6%
2000	$3,767	+7.8%
2001	$3,176	−15.7%
2002	$2,856	−10.1%
2003	$3,091	+8.2%
2004	$3,664	+18.5%
2005	$4,828	+31.8%
2006	$5,934	+22.9%
2007	$7,410	+24.9%
2008	$8,908	+20.2%
2009	$8,679	−2.6%
2010	$11.4K	+31.4%
2011high	$13.4K	+17.5%
2012	$12.5K	−6.5%
2013	$12.5K	−0.5%
2014	$12.3K	−1.5%
2015	$8,936	−27.2%
2016	$8,836	−1.1%
2017	$10.1K	+14.1%
2018	$9,301	−7.7%
2019	$9,030	−2.9%
2020	$7,074	−21.7%
2021	$7,973	+12.7%
2022	$9,281	+16.4%
2023	$10.4K	+11.8%
2024latest	$10.3K	−0.6%

prices

4.4%

A year’s rise in consumer prices, in 2024. The world’s median was 3.1%.

2024 · 4.4%

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers35

when	value	change
1990high	2,948%
1991	433%	−2515 pts
1992	952%	+519 pts
1993	1,927%	+975 pts
1994	2,076%	+149 pts
1995	66.0%	−2010 pts
1996	15.8%	−50.2 pts
1997	6.9%	−8.83 pts
1998low	3.2%	−3.73 pts
1999	4.9%	+1.66 pts
2000	7.0%	+2.19 pts
2001	6.8%	−0.20 pts
2002	8.5%	+1.61 pts
2003	14.7%	+6.26 pts
2004	6.6%	−8.12 pts
2005	6.9%	+0.27 pts
2006	4.2%	−2.69 pts
2007	3.6%	−0.54 pts
2008	5.7%	+2.04 pts
2009	4.9%	−0.79 pts
2010	5.0%	+0.15 pts
2011	6.6%	+1.60 pts
2012	5.4%	−1.23 pts
2013	6.2%	+0.80 pts
2014	6.3%	+0.12 pts
2015	9.0%	+2.70 pts
2016	8.7%	−0.29 pts
2017	3.4%	−5.29 pts
2018	3.7%	+0.22 pts
2019	3.7%	+0.07 pts
2020	3.2%	−0.52 pts
2021	8.3%	+5.09 pts
2022	9.3%	+0.98 pts
2023	4.6%	−4.69 pts
2024latest	4.4%	−0.23 pts

demographic curve

1.6 children per woman

Below replacement: shrinking in the long run unless migration offsets it. Fell from 4.0 in 1980.

2024 · 1.6

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median · rule marks replacement (2.1)

the numbers65

when	value	change
1960high	6.1
1961	6.0	−0.5%
1962	6.0	−0.6%
1963	5.9	−0.9%
1964	5.8	−1.9%
1965	5.7	−2.4%
1966	5.5	−2.8%
1967	5.3	−3.3%
1968	5.2	−3.2%
1969	5.0	−2.4%
1970	4.9	−2.1%
1971	4.8	−1.9%
1972	4.7	−2.1%
1973	4.6	−2.0%
1974	4.5	−2.9%
1975	4.4	−1.9%
1976	4.3	−1.7%
1977	4.3	−1.7%
1978	4.2	−1.7%
1979	4.1	−1.8%
1980	4.0	−2.0%
1981	3.9	−2.3%
1982	3.8	−2.7%
1983	3.7	−3.0%
1984	3.6	−3.3%
1985	3.5	−3.3%
1986	3.4	−3.4%
1987	3.2	−3.8%
1988	3.1	−3.7%
1989	3.0	−3.4%
1990	2.9	−3.7%
1991	2.8	−3.1%
1992	2.7	−3.4%
1993	2.7	−1.8%
1994	2.6	−2.1%
1995	2.6	−1.4%
1996	2.5	−2.2%
1997	2.5	−1.7%
1998	2.4	−2.0%
1999	2.3	−3.4%
2000	2.2	−3.8%
2001	2.2	−3.8%
2002	2.1	−3.7%
2003	2.0	−3.6%
2004	2.0	−1.6%
2005	1.9	−1.6%
2006	1.9	−2.4%
2007	1.9	−2.2%
2008	1.8	−2.1%
2009	1.8	−0.9%
2010	1.8	−0.7%
2011	1.8	−0.5%
2012	1.8	−0.6%
2013	1.8	−0.3%
2014	1.8	+0.8%
2015	1.8	+0.1%
2016	1.7	−2.8%
2017	1.7	+0.8%
2018	1.7	+0.2%
2019	1.7	−2.2%
2020	1.7	−3.0%
2021	1.6	−0.9%
2022	1.6	−0.5%
2023	1.6	−0.6%
2024latest	1.6	−0.3%

Metrics

population

213M

7 of 176

REST Countries · UN data
gdp

$2.2T

9 of 170

World Bank · latest available
gdp per capita

$10,378

67 of 170

World Bank · latest available
military spending

$22B

18 of 151

SIPRI via World Bank
military % of gdp

1.0%

112 of 148

SIPRI via World Bank
area

8.5M km²

6 of 176

REST Countries
population density

25.1 /km²

137 of 176

zuhd — derived from population and area
life expectancy

75.8 yr

70 of 175

World Bank · latest available
internet access

84%

72 of 166

ITU via World Bank
co₂ per capita

2.3 t

90 of 163

World Bank · Climate Watch
urbanisation

88%

21 of 168

World Bank · UN DESA
fertility rate

1.6

107 of 168

World Bank · UN DESA
foreign-born share

0.7%

135 of 167

World Bank · UN DESA
remittances % of gdp

0.2%

128 of 155

World Bank · IMF BOP
r&d % of gdp

1.2%

34 of 123

UNESCO UIS via World Bank
scientific articles / yr

67K

11 of 168

NSF / World Bank
high-tech exports %

11%

48 of 153

World Bank · UN Comtrade
gini inequality

50.3

133 of 139

World Bank · PovcalNet
youth unemployment

14%

88 of 166

ILO via World Bank
adult literacy

95%

39 of 109

UNESCO UIS via World Bank
democracy (v-dem)

0.70

28 of 163

V-Dem via Our World in Data
clean government

34

93 of 164

Transparency International via Our World in Data
press freedom

36.3

96 of 163

RSF via Our World in Data
human development

0.786

70 of 164

UNDP via Our World in Data
refugees hosted

257K

29 of 150

UNHCR via Our World in Data
refugees produced

5.1K

70 of 152

UNHCR via Our World in Data