NORTHERN AFRICA

Egypt

Cairo · pop. 107M · Arabic · Egyptian pound

Trajectories

economic complexity

#77

Roughly steady in the rankings since 1995.

2024 · 0.07

Harvard Growth Lab · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers30

when	value	change
1995	−0.05
1996low	−0.15	−0.09 pts
1997	0.00	+0.15 pts
1998	−0.05	−0.05 pts
1999	−0.03	+0.02 pts
2000	−0.03	0 pts
2001	−0.03	0 pts
2002	0.01	+0.04 pts
2003	0.05	+0.04 pts
2004	0.04	−0.01 pts
2005	0.05	+0.01 pts
2006high	0.12	+0.06 pts
2007	0.06	−0.06 pts
2008	0.10	+0.05 pts
2009	0.00	−0.10 pts
2010	−0.06	−0.06 pts
2011	−0.14	−0.08 pts
2012	−0.06	+0.08 pts
2013	−0.02	+0.04 pts
2014	−0.02	0 pts
2015	−0.06	−0.04 pts
2016	−0.09	−0.03 pts
2017	0.01	+0.10 pts
2018	−0.06	−0.06 pts
2019	−0.11	−0.05 pts
2020	−0.10	0 pts
2021	−0.12	−0.02 pts
2022	−0.11	+0.01 pts
2023	−0.07	+0.04 pts
2024latest	0.07	+0.14 pts

economic momentum

$3,338

Roughly doubled since 2000. GDP per head in 2024, in current US dollars.

2024 · $3,338

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers35

when	value	change
1990	$736
1991low	$623	−15.4%
1992	$681	+9.3%
1993	$740	+8.7%
1994	$807	+9.0%
1995	$916	+13.5%
1996	$1,009	+10.1%
1997	$1,146	+13.6%
1998	$1,213	+5.8%
1999	$1,268	+4.6%
2000	$1,366	+7.7%
2001	$1,295	−5.2%
2002	$1,117	−13.8%
2003	$1,031	−7.7%
2004	$991	−3.9%
2005	$1,106	+11.5%
2006	$1,299	+17.5%
2007	$1,548	+19.2%
2008	$1,896	+22.5%
2009	$2,162	+14.0%
2010	$2,455	+13.6%
2011	$2,591	+5.5%
2012	$2,996	+15.6%
2013	$3,026	+1.0%
2014	$3,133	+3.6%
2015	$3,307	+5.5%
2016	$3,271	−1.1%
2017	$2,395	−26.8%
2018	$2,485	+3.7%
2019	$2,963	+19.2%
2020	$3,511	+18.5%
2021	$3,827	+9.0%
2022high	$4,233	+10.6%
2023	$3,457	−18.3%
2024latest	$3,338	−3.4%

prices

28.3%

A year’s rise in consumer prices, in 2024. The world’s median was 3.1%.

2024 · 28.3%

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers35

when	value	change
1990	16.8%
1991	19.7%	+2.99 pts
1992	13.6%	−6.11 pts
1993	12.1%	−1.55 pts
1994	8.2%	−3.94 pts
1995	15.7%	+7.59 pts
1996	7.2%	−8.56 pts
1997	4.6%	−2.56 pts
1998	3.9%	−0.75 pts
1999	3.1%	−0.79 pts
2000	2.7%	−0.40 pts
2001low	2.3%	−0.41 pts
2002	2.7%	+0.47 pts
2003	4.5%	+1.77 pts
2004	11.3%	+6.76 pts
2005	4.9%	−6.40 pts
2006	7.6%	+2.78 pts
2007	9.3%	+1.67 pts
2008	18.3%	+9.00 pts
2009	11.8%	−6.55 pts
2010	11.3%	−0.50 pts
2011	10.1%	−1.20 pts
2012	7.1%	−2.95 pts
2013	9.5%	+2.36 pts
2014	10.1%	+0.60 pts
2015	10.4%	+0.30 pts
2016	13.8%	+3.44 pts
2017	29.5%	+15.7 pts
2018	14.4%	−15.1 pts
2019	9.2%	−5.25 pts
2020	5.0%	−4.11 pts
2021	5.2%	+0.17 pts
2022	13.9%	+8.68 pts
2023high	33.9%	+20.0 pts
2024latest	28.3%	−5.61 pts

demographic curve

2.7 children per woman

Above replacement: still growing. Fell from 5.5 in 1980.

2024 · 2.7

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median · rule marks replacement (2.1)

the numbers65

when	value	change
1960high	6.8
1961	6.8	−0.5%
1962	6.7	−0.7%
1963	6.6	−0.9%
1964	6.5	−1.6%
1965	6.4	−2.4%
1966	6.3	−1.2%
1967	6.3	−0.9%
1968	6.2	−0.9%
1969	6.1	−1.2%
1970	6.1	−1.0%
1971	6.0	−1.1%
1972	5.9	−1.0%
1973	5.8	−1.5%
1974	5.8	−1.0%
1975	5.7	−0.6%
1976	5.7	−0.4%
1977	5.7	−0.9%
1978	5.6	−0.9%
1979	5.6	−1.1%
1980	5.5	−1.3%
1981	5.4	−2.3%
1982	5.3	−0.7%
1983	5.3	−0.4%
1984	5.2	−1.9%
1985	5.1	−1.7%
1986	5.0	−2.3%
1987	4.9	−1.7%
1988	4.8	−1.6%
1989	4.7	−3.2%
1990	4.5	−3.5%
1991	4.3	−4.4%
1992	4.1	−3.8%
1993	4.0	−3.8%
1994	3.9	−3.2%
1995	3.8	−2.6%
1996	3.7	−1.7%
1997	3.7	−0.5%
1998	3.7	0.0%
1999	3.6	−2.2%
2000	3.5	−2.6%
2001	3.5	−1.3%
2002	3.4	−1.4%
2003	3.4	−1.8%
2004	3.3	−2.1%
2005	3.3	−0.9%
2006	3.2	−1.0%
2007	3.2	+0.4%
2008	3.2	0.0%
2009	3.3	+0.6%
2010	3.3	+1.1%
2011	3.3	+0.5%
2012	3.4	+2.7%
2013	3.5	+2.6%
2014	3.5	0.0%
2015	3.5	+0.3%
2016	3.4	−4.3%
2017	3.3	−1.2%
2018	3.0	−8.8%
2019	2.9	−5.0%
2020	2.9	−0.7%
2021	2.8	−3.5%
2022	2.8	0.0%
2023	2.8	0.0%
2024latest	2.7	−0.5%

Metrics

population

107M

15 of 176

REST Countries · UN data
gdp

$396B

39 of 170

World Bank · latest available
gdp per capita

$3,457

114 of 170

World Bank · latest available
military spending

$3B

53 of 151

SIPRI via World Bank
military % of gdp

0.8%

126 of 148

SIPRI via World Bank
area

1.0M km²

30 of 176

REST Countries
population density

107 /km²

59 of 176

zuhd — derived from population and area
life expectancy

71.6 yr

107 of 175

World Bank · latest available
internet access

73%

99 of 166

ITU via World Bank
co₂ per capita

2.5 t

87 of 163

World Bank · Climate Watch
urbanisation

43%

131 of 168

World Bank · UN DESA
fertility rate

2.7

53 of 168

World Bank · UN DESA
foreign-born share

1.0%

126 of 167

World Bank · UN DESA
remittances % of gdp

7.6%

36 of 155

World Bank · IMF BOP
r&d % of gdp

1.0%

36 of 123

UNESCO UIS via World Bank
researchers per million

1,120

51 of 118

UNESCO UIS via World Bank
scientific articles / yr

24K

22 of 168

NSF / World Bank
high-tech exports %

4%

93 of 153

World Bank · UN Comtrade
gini inequality

28.5

18 of 139

World Bank · PovcalNet
youth unemployment

18%

112 of 166

ILO via World Bank
adult literacy

79%

70 of 109

UNESCO UIS via World Bank
democracy (v-dem)

0.12

122 of 163

V-Dem via Our World in Data
clean government

30

115 of 164

Transparency International via Our World in Data
press freedom

56.2

150 of 163

RSF via Our World in Data
human development

0.754

82 of 164

UNDP via Our World in Data
refugees hosted

238K

30 of 150

UNHCR via Our World in Data
refugees produced

24K

39 of 152

UNHCR via Our World in Data