CENTRAL ASIA

Kazakhstan

Astana · pop. 20M · Kazakh, Russian · Kazakhstani tenge · landlocked

Trajectories

economic complexity

#56

Roughly steady in the rankings since 1995.

2024 · 0.36

Harvard Growth Lab · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers30

when	value	change
1995	0.31
1996high	0.62	+0.31 pts
1997	0.47	−0.15 pts
1998	0.56	+0.09 pts
1999	0.19	−0.37 pts
2000	0.05	−0.14 pts
2001	0.13	+0.08 pts
2002	−0.03	−0.16 pts
2003	0.08	+0.10 pts
2004	−0.06	−0.13 pts
2005	−0.01	+0.04 pts
2006	−0.02	−0.01 pts
2007	−0.12	−0.11 pts
2008	−0.21	−0.09 pts
2009	−0.40	−0.19 pts
2010low	−0.57	−0.17 pts
2011	−0.30	+0.27 pts
2012	−0.11	+0.19 pts
2013	−0.37	−0.26 pts
2014	−0.16	+0.21 pts
2015	−0.26	−0.10 pts
2016	−0.19	+0.07 pts
2017	−0.30	−0.11 pts
2018	−0.35	−0.05 pts
2019	−0.18	+0.17 pts
2020	−0.26	−0.09 pts
2021	−0.47	−0.21 pts
2022	0.24	+0.71 pts
2023	0.44	+0.19 pts
2024latest	0.36	−0.07 pts

economic momentum

$14.2K

Quadrupled since 2000. GDP per head in 2024, in current US dollars.

2024 · $14.2K

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers35

when	value	change
1990	$1,570
1991	$1,442	−8.1%
1992	$1,438	−0.3%
1993	$1,355	−5.7%
1994	$1,247	−8.0%
1995	$1,218	−2.3%
1996	$1,281	+5.2%
1997	$1,382	+7.8%
1998	$1,415	+2.4%
1999low	$1,092	−22.8%
2000	$1,180	+8.1%
2001	$1,422	+20.5%
2002	$1,574	+10.6%
2003	$1,958	+24.4%
2004	$2,722	+39.0%
2005	$3,577	+31.4%
2006	$5,030	+40.6%
2007	$6,449	+28.2%
2008	$8,124	+26.0%
2009	$6,938	−14.6%
2010	$8,793	+26.7%
2011	$11.3K	+28.4%
2012	$12.0K	+6.5%
2013	$13.5K	+12.1%
2014	$12.4K	−7.8%
2015	$10.2K	−18.0%
2016	$7,476	−26.7%
2017	$8,943	+19.6%
2018	$9,472	+5.9%
2019	$9,457	−0.2%
2020	$8,782	−7.1%
2021	$9,984	+13.7%
2022	$11.3K	+12.7%
2023	$12.9K	+14.4%
2024latest	$14.2K	+9.9%

prices

8.7%

A year’s rise in consumer prices, in 2024. The world’s median was 3.1%.

2024 · 8.7%

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers31

when	value	change
1994high	1,877%
1995	176%	−1701 pts
1996	39.2%	−137 pts
1997	17.4%	−21.8 pts
1998	7.1%	−10.3 pts
1999	8.3%	+1.15 pts
2000	13.2%	+4.88 pts
2001	8.4%	−4.83 pts
2002	5.8%	−2.52 pts
2003	6.4%	+0.60 pts
2004	6.9%	+0.44 pts
2005	7.6%	+0.70 pts
2006	8.7%	+1.14 pts
2007	10.8%	+2.13 pts
2008	17.1%	+6.29 pts
2009	7.3%	−9.82 pts
2010	7.4%	+0.08 pts
2011	8.5%	+1.05 pts
2012low	5.2%	−3.26 pts
2013	5.9%	+0.75 pts
2014	6.8%	+0.91 pts
2015	6.7%	−0.17 pts
2016	14.4%	+7.68 pts
2017	7.4%	−6.92 pts
2018	6.2%	−1.28 pts
2019	5.3%	−0.83 pts
2020	6.7%	+1.38 pts
2021	8.0%	+1.32 pts
2022	15.0%	+6.99 pts
2023	14.5%	−0.50 pts
2024latest	8.7%	−5.84 pts

demographic curve

3.0 children per woman

Above replacement: still growing.

2024 · 3.0

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median · rule marks replacement (2.1)

the numbers65

when	value	change
1960high	4.5
1961	4.4	−1.6%
1962	4.4	−1.5%
1963	4.3	−2.1%
1964	4.1	−4.5%
1965	3.9	−4.7%
1966	3.8	−1.6%
1967	3.8	−1.3%
1968	3.6	−3.7%
1969	3.5	−3.3%
1970	3.5	−0.1%
1971	3.5	+0.8%
1972	3.6	+0.5%
1973	3.5	−1.3%
1974	3.5	−1.6%
1975	3.4	−1.6%
1976	3.3	−1.9%
1977	3.3	−2.3%
1978	3.2	−3.1%
1979	3.1	−0.6%
1980	3.1	−1.4%
1981	3.1	−1.3%
1982	3.0	−1.0%
1983	3.1	+1.6%
1984	3.1	+2.5%
1985	3.2	+2.0%
1986	3.2	−0.6%
1987	3.1	−2.1%
1988	3.0	−3.9%
1989	2.9	−4.5%
1990	2.7	−4.2%
1991	2.7	−2.5%
1992	2.6	−3.5%
1993	2.5	−3.9%
1994	2.4	−4.2%
1995	2.3	−5.3%
1996	2.1	−7.5%
1997	2.0	−5.5%
1998	1.9	−1.6%
1999	1.9	−1.9%
2000low	1.9	−0.2%
2001	1.9	+0.4%
2002	2.0	+2.6%
2003	2.1	+6.1%
2004	2.2	+6.1%
2005	2.3	+3.3%
2006	2.4	+4.7%
2007	2.5	+4.6%
2008	2.6	+5.1%
2009	2.6	−1.4%
2010	2.6	+1.2%
2011	2.6	−0.2%
2012	2.6	+1.3%
2013	2.7	+1.1%
2014	2.8	+3.4%
2015	2.8	−0.2%
2016	2.8	+1.5%
2017	2.7	−1.8%
2018	2.8	+3.6%
2019	2.9	+1.6%
2020	3.1	+8.3%
2021	3.3	+6.1%
2022	3.0	−8.1%
2023	3.0	−1.2%
2024latest	3.0	−0.9%

Metrics

population

20M

64 of 176

REST Countries · UN data
gdp

$262B

50 of 170

World Bank · latest available
gdp per capita

$12,879

62 of 170

World Bank · latest available
military spending

$1B

73 of 151

SIPRI via World Bank
military % of gdp

0.4%

144 of 148

SIPRI via World Bank
area

2.7M km²

10 of 176

REST Countries
population density

7.4 /km²

162 of 176

zuhd — derived from population and area
life expectancy

74.4 yr

83 of 175

World Bank · latest available
internet access

93%

31 of 166

ITU via World Bank
co₂ per capita

12.6 t

12 of 163

World Bank · Climate Watch
urbanisation

62%

89 of 168

World Bank · UN DESA
fertility rate

3.0

48 of 168

World Bank · UN DESA
foreign-born share

10%

50 of 167

World Bank · UN DESA
remittances % of gdp

0.1%

144 of 155

World Bank · IMF BOP
r&d % of gdp

0.2%

90 of 123

UNESCO UIS via World Bank
researchers per million

758

60 of 118

UNESCO UIS via World Bank
scientific articles / yr

3.6K

64 of 168

NSF / World Bank
high-tech exports %

42%

6 of 153

World Bank · UN Comtrade
gini inequality

29.2

22 of 139

World Bank · PovcalNet
youth unemployment

4%

15 of 166

ILO via World Bank
democracy (v-dem)

0.13

114 of 163

V-Dem via Our World in Data
clean government

40

74 of 164

Transparency International via Our World in Data
press freedom

50.3

140 of 163

RSF via Our World in Data
human development

0.837

51 of 164

UNDP via Our World in Data
refugees hosted

66K

60 of 150

UNHCR via Our World in Data
refugees produced

4.1K

75 of 152

UNHCR via Our World in Data