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EASTERN AFRICA

Madagascar

MG

Antananarivo · pop. 32M · French, Malagasy · Malagasy ariary

hunger

2.6 million people in crisis or worse

8% of the 32.7 million analysed · IPC, May 2026

Trajectories

economic complexity

#119

Climbing the complexity rankings, from #128 in 1995.

2024 · −1.03

Harvard Growth Lab · thin line is the world’s median
the numbers30
whenvaluechange
1995low−1.59
1996−1.49+0.10 pts
1997−1.43+0.07 pts
1998−1.46−0.04 pts
1999−1.33+0.13 pts
2000−1.12+0.21 pts
2001−1.28−0.16 pts
2002−1.27+0.01 pts
2003−1.54−0.27 pts
2004−1.24+0.30 pts
2005−1.04+0.20 pts
2006−1.07−0.03 pts
2007−1.24−0.16 pts
2008−1.27−0.04 pts
2009−1.22+0.06 pts
2010−1.04+0.18 pts
2011−1.09−0.06 pts
2012−1.12−0.03 pts
2013−1.16−0.04 pts
2014−1.26−0.10 pts
2015−1.32−0.06 pts
2016−1.39−0.07 pts
2017−1.380 pts
2018−1.34+0.04 pts
2019−1.50−0.16 pts
2020−1.40+0.11 pts
2021−1.23+0.17 pts
2022−1.45−0.22 pts
2023−1.21+0.24 pts
2024latest−1.03+0.17 pts

economic momentum

$545

Roughly doubled since 2000. GDP per head in 2024, in current US dollars.

2024 · $545

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median
the numbers35
whenvaluechange
1990$326
1991$262−19.6%
1992$290+10.8%
1993$308+6.1%
1994low$259−16.0%
1995$273+5.6%
1996$340+24.4%
1997$284−16.3%
1998$284−0.1%
1999$267−5.9%
2000$280+4.8%
2001$319+13.9%
2002$305−4.5%
2003$353+15.6%
2004$272−22.8%
2005$306+12.3%
2006$324+6.0%
2007$420+29.4%
2008$513+22.2%
2009$446−12.9%
2010$450+0.8%
2011$506+12.5%
2012$494−2.5%
2013$515+4.4%
2014$506−1.9%
2015$445−11.9%
2016$454+1.9%
2017$492+8.3%
2018$500+1.7%
2019$500−0.1%
2020$451−9.8%
2021$483+7.3%
2022$504+4.1%
2023$509+1.0%
2024latest$545+7.1%

prices

7.6%

A year’s rise in consumer prices, in 2024. The world’s median was 3.1%.

2024 · 7.6%

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median
the numbers35
whenvaluechange
199011.8%
19918.6%−3.19 pts
199214.5%+5.92 pts
199310.0%−4.50 pts
199438.9%+28.9 pts
1995high49.1%+10.1 pts
199619.8%−29.3 pts
19974.5%−15.3 pts
19986.2%+1.72 pts
19999.9%+3.72 pts
200011.9%+1.93 pts
20017.9%−3.94 pts
200216.5%+8.58 pts
2003low−1.7%−18.2 pts
200414.0%+15.7 pts
200518.4%+4.41 pts
200610.8%−7.60 pts
200710.3%−0.48 pts
20089.3%−0.99 pts
20099.0%−0.34 pts
20109.2%+0.29 pts
20119.5%+0.24 pts
20125.7%−3.77 pts
20135.8%+0.11 pts
20146.1%+0.25 pts
20157.4%+1.32 pts
20166.0%−1.37 pts
20178.6%+2.57 pts
20188.6%−0.01 pts
20195.6%−2.98 pts
20204.2%−1.41 pts
20215.8%+1.61 pts
20228.2%+2.35 pts
20239.9%+1.71 pts
2024latest7.6%−2.26 pts

demographic curve

3.9 children per woman

Above replacement: still growing. Fell from 6.8 in 1980.

2024 · 3.9

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median · rule marks replacement (2.1)
the numbers65
whenvaluechange
1960high7.3
19617.3−0.6%
19627.3−0.6%
19637.2−0.6%
19647.2−0.3%
19657.2−0.2%
19667.2−0.2%
19677.1−0.2%
19687.1−0.2%
19697.1−0.2%
19707.1−0.3%
19717.1−0.4%
19727.0−0.4%
19737.0−0.4%
19747.0−0.3%
19757.0−0.3%
19767.0−0.2%
19776.9−0.4%
19786.9−0.3%
19796.9−0.5%
19806.8−0.5%
19816.8−0.9%
19826.7−1.1%
19836.6−1.1%
19846.5−1.2%
19856.5−1.4%
19866.3−1.8%
19876.2−1.6%
19886.2−1.0%
19896.1−0.5%
19906.1−0.1%
19916.1−0.4%
19926.1−0.6%
19936.1−0.3%
19946.0−0.3%
19956.0−0.1%
19966.0−0.1%
19976.0−0.1%
19986.0−0.5%
19995.8−2.6%
20005.7−3.0%
20015.5−2.4%
20025.4−2.1%
20035.3−1.5%
20045.3−1.2%
20055.2−1.3%
20065.1−1.2%
20075.1−1.0%
20085.0−0.8%
20095.0−0.8%
20104.9−2.1%
20114.7−3.2%
20124.6−2.6%
20134.5−1.9%
20144.4−2.3%
20154.3−1.9%
20164.3−1.2%
20174.3−0.6%
20184.2−0.3%
20194.2−0.6%
20204.2−1.2%
20214.1−1.6%
20224.0−1.7%
20234.0−1.6%
2024latest3.9−1.5%

Metrics

  1. population
    32M
    50 of 176
    REST Countries · UN data
  2. gdp
    $16B
    135 of 170
    World Bank · latest available
  3. gdp per capita
    $509
    167 of 170
    World Bank · latest available
  4. military spending
    $102M
    133 of 151
    SIPRI via World Bank
  5. military % of gdp
    0.6%
    136 of 148
    SIPRI via World Bank
  6. area
    587K km²
    47 of 176
    REST Countries
  7. population density
    54.5 /km²
    104 of 176
    zuhd — derived from population and area
  8. life expectancy
    63.6 yr
    156 of 175
    World Bank · latest available
  9. internet access
    20%
    155 of 166
    ITU via World Bank
  10. co₂ per capita
    0.15 t
    157 of 163
    World Bank · Climate Watch
  11. urbanisation
    32%
    148 of 168
    World Bank · UN DESA
  12. fertility rate
    3.9
    28 of 168
    World Bank · UN DESA
  13. foreign-born share
    0.1%
    164 of 167
    World Bank · UN DESA
  14. remittances % of gdp
    2.3%
    80 of 155
    World Bank · IMF BOP
  15. r&d % of gdp
    0.0%
    119 of 123
    UNESCO UIS via World Bank
  16. researchers per million
    33
    106 of 118
    UNESCO UIS via World Bank
  17. scientific articles / yr
    157
    128 of 168
    NSF / World Bank
  18. high-tech exports %
    1%
    137 of 153
    World Bank · UN Comtrade
  19. gini inequality
    36.8
    84 of 139
    World Bank · PovcalNet
  20. youth unemployment
    5%
    26 of 166
    ILO via World Bank
  21. adult literacy
    75%
    78 of 109
    UNESCO UIS via World Bank
  22. democracy (v-dem)
    0.19
    101 of 163
    V-Dem via Our World in Data
  23. clean government
    26
    127 of 164
    Transparency International via Our World in Data
  24. press freedom
    28.2
    50 of 163
    RSF via Our World in Data
  25. human development
    0.487
    154 of 164
    UNDP via Our World in Data
  26. refugees hosted
    83
    135 of 150
    UNHCR via Our World in Data
  27. refugees produced
    604
    104 of 152
    UNHCR via Our World in Data