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EASTERN ASIA

Mongolia

MN

Ulan Bator · pop. 4M · Mongolian · Mongolian tögrög · landlocked

Trajectories

economic complexity

#131

Sliding in the complexity rankings, from #116 in 1995.

2024 · −1.57

Harvard Growth Lab · thin line is the world’s median
the numbers30
whenvaluechange
1995−0.91
1996−0.38+0.54 pts
1997high−0.34+0.03 pts
1998−0.61−0.27 pts
1999−0.47+0.14 pts
2000−0.76−0.29 pts
2001−0.85−0.10 pts
2002−1.02−0.16 pts
2003−1.11−0.09 pts
2004−1.06+0.05 pts
2005−1.02+0.04 pts
2006−1.03−0.01 pts
2007−1.12−0.09 pts
2008−1.35−0.23 pts
2009−1.14+0.21 pts
2010low−1.65−0.51 pts
2011−1.47+0.18 pts
2012−1.53−0.07 pts
2013−1.32+0.22 pts
2014−1.54−0.22 pts
2015−1.42+0.13 pts
2016−1.13+0.29 pts
2017−1.21−0.08 pts
2018−1.32−0.11 pts
2019−1.27+0.04 pts
2020−1.09+0.19 pts
2021−1.54−0.45 pts
2022−1.43+0.11 pts
2023−1.18+0.25 pts
2024latest−1.57−0.39 pts

economic momentum

$6,751

Quadrupled since 2000. GDP per head in 2024, in current US dollars.

2024 · $6,751

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median
the numbers35
whenvaluechange
1990$1,220
1991$1,099−10.0%
1992$608−44.7%
1993low$355−41.6%
1994$423+19.2%
1995$653+54.3%
1996$596−8.7%
1997$515−13.5%
1998$484−6.1%
1999$449−7.3%
2000$476+6.1%
2001$524+10.2%
2002$570+8.7%
2003$643+12.8%
2004$794+23.5%
2005$995+25.3%
2006$1,330+33.7%
2007$1,628+22.4%
2008$2,127+30.7%
2009$1,703−19.9%
2010$2,625+54.1%
2011$3,736+42.3%
2012$4,329+15.9%
2013$4,340+0.3%
2014$4,126−4.9%
2015$3,839−7.0%
2016$3,620−5.7%
2017$3,646+0.7%
2018$4,108+12.7%
2019$4,348+5.8%
2020$4,001−8.0%
2021$4,518+12.9%
2022$4,994+10.5%
2023$5,839+16.9%
2024latest$6,751+15.6%

prices

6.2%

A year’s rise in consumer prices, in 2024. The world’s median was 3.1%.

2024 · 6.2%

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median
the numbers32
whenvaluechange
1993high268%
199487.6%−181 pts
1995low0.0%−87.5 pts
199646.9%+46.8 pts
199736.6%−10.3 pts
19989.4%−27.2 pts
19997.6%−1.79 pts
200011.6%+4.03 pts
20016.3%−5.32 pts
20020.9%−5.36 pts
20035.1%+4.21 pts
20048.2%+3.11 pts
200512.7%+4.48 pts
20065.1%−7.62 pts
20079.6%+4.54 pts
200828.0%+18.3 pts
20097.6%−20.3 pts
201010.0%+2.43 pts
20118.4%−1.63 pts
201214.3%+5.92 pts
201310.5%−3.84 pts
201412.3%+1.76 pts
20155.7%−6.52 pts
20160.7%−5.00 pts
20174.3%+3.57 pts
20186.8%+2.52 pts
20197.3%+0.48 pts
20203.7%−3.58 pts
20217.4%+3.64 pts
202215.2%+7.79 pts
202310.3%−4.80 pts
2024latest6.2%−4.15 pts

demographic curve

2.5 children per woman

Above replacement: still growing. Fell from 6.2 in 1980.

2024 · 2.5

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median · rule marks replacement (2.1)
the numbers65
whenvaluechange
19606.8
19617.0+2.1%
19627.1+1.9%
19637.2+2.0%
19647.3+1.3%
19657.4+0.7%
1966high7.4+0.4%
19677.4−0.3%
19687.4−0.2%
19697.3−0.5%
19707.3−0.3%
19717.3−0.2%
19727.3−0.2%
19737.2−0.5%
19747.2−0.9%
19757.1−1.5%
19766.9−1.9%
19776.8−2.0%
19786.6−2.5%
19796.4−3.0%
19806.2−3.3%
19816.0−3.7%
19825.8−3.0%
19835.6−3.0%
19845.5−3.1%
19855.3−3.5%
19865.0−4.4%
19874.8−4.0%
19884.6−3.8%
19894.4−4.9%
19904.5+1.8%
19914.0−11.1%
19923.5−12.5%
19932.5−28.6%
19942.7+8.0%
19952.8+2.6%
19962.5−9.7%
19972.4−4.0%
19982.3−4.2%
19992.30.0%
20002.2−4.3%
20012.20.0%
20022.1−4.5%
2003low2.0−4.8%
20042.00.0%
20052.00.0%
20062.1+5.0%
20072.3+9.5%
20082.6+13.0%
20092.8+7.7%
20102.4−14.3%
20112.6+8.3%
20122.7+3.8%
20133.0+11.1%
20143.1+3.3%
20153.0−3.2%
20163.00.0%
20172.8−6.7%
20182.9+3.6%
20193.0+3.4%
20202.9−3.3%
20212.8−3.4%
20222.7−3.6%
20232.70.0%
2024latest2.5−7.4%

Metrics

  1. population
    4M
    130 of 176
    REST Countries · UN data
  2. gdp
    $20B
    123 of 170
    World Bank · latest available
  3. gdp per capita
    $5,839
    92 of 170
    World Bank · latest available
  4. military spending
    $111M
    131 of 151
    SIPRI via World Bank
  5. military % of gdp
    0.5%
    140 of 148
    SIPRI via World Bank
  6. area
    1.6M km²
    20 of 176
    REST Countries
  7. population density
    2.5 /km²
    172 of 176
    zuhd — derived from population and area
  8. life expectancy
    72.1 yr
    103 of 175
    World Bank · latest available
  9. internet access
    83%
    78 of 166
    ITU via World Bank
  10. co₂ per capita
    7.8 t
    24 of 163
    World Bank · Climate Watch
  11. urbanisation
    71%
    62 of 168
    World Bank · UN DESA
  12. fertility rate
    2.5
    66 of 168
    World Bank · UN DESA
  13. foreign-born share
    0.6%
    142 of 167
    World Bank · UN DESA
  14. remittances % of gdp
    2.2%
    81 of 155
    World Bank · IMF BOP
  15. r&d % of gdp
    0.1%
    108 of 123
    UNESCO UIS via World Bank
  16. researchers per million
    535
    69 of 118
    UNESCO UIS via World Bank
  17. scientific articles / yr
    262
    113 of 168
    NSF / World Bank
  18. high-tech exports %
    23%
    21 of 153
    World Bank · UN Comtrade
  19. gini inequality
    31.4
    39 of 139
    World Bank · PovcalNet
  20. youth unemployment
    12%
    79 of 166
    ILO via World Bank
  21. adult literacy
    99%
    12 of 109
    UNESCO UIS via World Bank
  22. democracy (v-dem)
    0.42
    69 of 163
    V-Dem via Our World in Data
  23. clean government
    33
    102 of 164
    Transparency International via Our World in Data
  24. press freedom
    29.0
    61 of 163
    RSF via Our World in Data
  25. human development
    0.747
    85 of 164
    UNDP via Our World in Data
  26. refugees hosted
    11
    145 of 150
    UNHCR via Our World in Data
  27. refugees produced
    2.5K
    84 of 152
    UNHCR via Our World in Data