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SOUTHERN ASIA

Nepal

NP

Kathmandu · pop. 30M · Nepali · Nepalese rupee · landlocked

Trajectories

economic complexity

#88

Climbing the complexity rankings, from #101 in 1995.

2024 · −0.10

Harvard Growth Lab · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers30

when	value	change
1995	−0.61
1996	−0.51	+0.10 pts
1997	−0.41	+0.09 pts
1998low	−0.62	−0.21 pts
1999	−0.42	+0.20 pts
2000	−0.40	+0.02 pts
2001	−0.53	−0.13 pts
2002	−0.38	+0.15 pts
2003	−0.32	+0.07 pts
2004	−0.31	+0.01 pts
2005	−0.23	+0.08 pts
2006	−0.23	0 pts
2007	−0.23	−0.01 pts
2008	−0.17	+0.07 pts
2009	−0.25	−0.09 pts
2010	−0.20	+0.06 pts
2011	−0.36	−0.16 pts
2012	−0.20	+0.16 pts
2013	−0.16	+0.03 pts
2014	−0.10	+0.07 pts
2015	−0.11	−0.02 pts
2016	−0.24	−0.12 pts
2017high	−0.09	+0.15 pts
2018	−0.21	−0.12 pts
2019	−0.19	+0.02 pts
2020	−0.23	−0.05 pts
2021	−0.36	−0.13 pts
2022	−0.19	+0.17 pts
2023	−0.12	+0.08 pts
2024latest	−0.10	+0.01 pts

economic momentum

$1,447

Quadrupled since 2000. GDP per head in 2024, in current US dollars.

2024 · $1,447

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers35

when	value	change
1990	$186
1991	$196	+5.3%
1992low	$165	−15.7%
1993	$173	+4.7%
1994	$187	+8.4%
1995	$198	+5.7%
1996	$199	+0.5%
1997	$212	+6.5%
1998	$205	−3.2%
1999	$209	+1.7%
2000	$224	+7.3%
2001	$241	+7.6%
2002	$239	−0.8%
2003	$246	+3.2%
2004	$280	+13.5%
2005	$309	+10.5%
2006	$340	+10.2%
2007	$385	+13.2%
2008	$465	+20.6%
2009	$473	+1.8%
2010	$585	+23.7%
2011	$786	+34.2%
2012	$788	+0.3%
2013	$803	+1.9%
2014	$821	+2.3%
2015	$876	+6.6%
2016	$877	+0.2%
2017	$1,034	+17.9%
2018	$1,179	+14.0%
2019	$1,203	+2.0%
2020	$1,154	−4.1%
2021	$1,253	+8.5%
2022	$1,386	+10.6%
2023	$1,382	−0.3%
2024latest	$1,447	+4.7%

prices

4.7%

A year’s rise in consumer prices, in 2024. The world’s median was 3.1%.

2024 · 4.7%

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers35

when	value	change
1990	8.2%
1991	15.6%	+7.32 pts
1992high	17.1%	+1.59 pts
1993	7.5%	−9.64 pts
1994	8.3%	+0.84 pts
1995	7.6%	−0.73 pts
1996	9.2%	+1.60 pts
1997	4.0%	−5.21 pts
1998	11.2%	+7.23 pts
1999	7.5%	−3.79 pts
2000	2.5%	−4.97 pts
2001	2.7%	+0.21 pts
2002	3.0%	+0.34 pts
2003	5.7%	+2.68 pts
2004	2.8%	−2.87 pts
2005	6.8%	+3.99 pts
2006	6.9%	+0.08 pts
2007low	2.3%	−4.65 pts
2008	9.9%	+7.64 pts
2009	11.1%	+1.19 pts
2010	9.3%	−1.77 pts
2011	9.2%	−0.10 pts
2012	9.5%	+0.23 pts
2013	9.0%	−0.42 pts
2014	8.4%	−0.68 pts
2015	7.9%	−0.50 pts
2016	8.8%	+0.92 pts
2017	2.8%	−6.01 pts
2018	4.4%	+1.63 pts
2019	5.6%	+1.16 pts
2020	5.1%	−0.51 pts
2021	4.1%	−0.93 pts
2022	7.7%	+3.54 pts
2023	7.1%	−0.55 pts
2024latest	4.7%	−2.43 pts

demographic curve

2.0 children per woman

Near replacement (2.1): the population is stabilising. Fell from 5.6 in 1980.

2024 · 2.0

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median · rule marks replacement (2.1)

the numbers65

when	value	change
1960	6.1
1961high	6.1	+0.4%
1962	6.1	−0.2%
1963	6.1	−0.4%
1964	6.0	−0.2%
1965	6.0	−0.6%
1966	6.0	−0.4%
1967	6.0	−0.4%
1968	5.9	−0.2%
1969	5.9	−0.9%
1970	5.9	−0.4%
1971	5.8	−0.4%
1972	5.8	−0.8%
1973	5.7	−1.7%
1974	5.8	+0.9%
1975	5.7	−0.3%
1976	5.7	−0.3%
1977	5.7	−0.5%
1978	5.7	−0.2%
1979	5.6	−0.6%
1980	5.6	−0.7%
1981	5.6	−0.5%
1982	5.5	−0.5%
1983	5.5	−0.2%
1984	5.5	−0.5%
1985	5.5	−0.9%
1986	5.4	−1.0%
1987	5.3	−1.0%
1988	5.3	−0.8%
1989	5.3	−0.9%
1990	5.2	−0.9%
1991	5.2	−1.2%
1992	5.1	−1.5%
1993	5.0	−0.6%
1994	5.0	−1.5%
1995	4.9	−1.9%
1996	4.7	−4.1%
1997	4.4	−4.8%
1998	4.3	−3.8%
1999	4.1	−3.4%
2000	4.0	−3.5%
2001	3.8	−4.8%
2002	3.6	−5.0%
2003	3.4	−4.6%
2004	3.3	−4.7%
2005	3.1	−5.0%
2006	3.0	−4.8%
2007	2.9	−3.7%
2008	2.7	−4.2%
2009	2.6	−3.9%
2010	2.5	−3.4%
2011	2.5	−3.1%
2012	2.4	−1.7%
2013	2.4	−2.5%
2014	2.3	−1.7%
2015	2.3	−2.0%
2016	2.2	−2.1%
2017	2.2	−2.4%
2018	2.1	−2.4%
2019	2.1	−1.9%
2020	2.1	−1.4%
2021	2.0	−1.3%
2022	2.0	−1.1%
2023	2.0	−0.9%
2024latest	2.0	−1.2%

Metrics

population

30M

51 of 176

REST Countries · UN data
gdp

$41B

99 of 170

World Bank · latest available
gdp per capita

$1,382

141 of 170

World Bank · latest available
military spending

$436M

102 of 151

SIPRI via World Bank
military % of gdp

1.1%

109 of 148

SIPRI via World Bank
area

147K km²

97 of 176

REST Countries
population density

204 /km²

30 of 176

zuhd — derived from population and area
life expectancy

70.4 yr

115 of 175

World Bank · latest available
internet access

56%

122 of 166

ITU via World Bank
co₂ per capita

0.54 t

129 of 163

World Bank · Climate Watch
urbanisation

67%

74 of 168

World Bank · UN DESA
fertility rate

2.0

88 of 168

World Bank · UN DESA
foreign-born share

1.6%

116 of 167

World Bank · UN DESA
remittances % of gdp

26%

7 of 155

World Bank · IMF BOP
scientific articles / yr

1.7K

75 of 168

NSF / World Bank
high-tech exports %

1%

138 of 153

World Bank · UN Comtrade
gini inequality

30.0

30 of 139

World Bank · PovcalNet
youth unemployment

21%

129 of 166

ILO via World Bank
adult literacy

69%

86 of 109

UNESCO UIS via World Bank
democracy (v-dem)

0.51

58 of 163

V-Dem via Our World in Data
clean government

34

95 of 164

Transparency International via Our World in Data
press freedom

34.6

91 of 163

RSF via Our World in Data
human development

0.622

119 of 164

UNDP via Our World in Data
refugees hosted

20K

80 of 150

UNHCR via Our World in Data
refugees produced

7.8K

64 of 152

UNHCR via Our World in Data

Recent coverage · 2