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EASTERN AFRICA

Rwanda

RW

Kigali · pop. 14M · English, French, Kinyarwanda · Rwandan franc · landlocked

Trajectories

economic complexity

#124

Slipping in export sophistication, from #96 in 1995.

2024 · −1.10

Harvard Growth Lab · thin line is the world’s median
the numbers30
whenvaluechange
1995−0.50
1996high−0.22+0.28 pts
1997−0.73−0.50 pts
1998−0.65+0.08 pts
1999−0.97−0.32 pts
2000−0.64+0.33 pts
2001low−1.50−0.86 pts
2002−0.76+0.74 pts
2003−1.16−0.40 pts
2004−1.43−0.27 pts
2005−0.52+0.91 pts
2006−0.51+0.01 pts
2007−0.71−0.19 pts
2008−1.07−0.37 pts
2009−0.58+0.49 pts
2010−0.79−0.21 pts
2011−0.86−0.06 pts
2012−0.97−0.11 pts
2013−0.75+0.21 pts
2014−0.79−0.04 pts
2015−0.75+0.04 pts
2016−0.78−0.02 pts
2017−0.81−0.04 pts
2018−0.60+0.21 pts
2019−0.66−0.06 pts
2020−0.58+0.07 pts
2021−0.62−0.04 pts
2022−0.64−0.02 pts
2023−1.03−0.39 pts
2024latest−1.10−0.06 pts

economic momentum

$1000

Tripled since 2000. GDP per head in 2024, in current US dollars.

2024 · $1000

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median
the numbers35
whenvaluechange
1990$346
1991$254−26.6%
1992$264+4.0%
1993$247−6.5%
1994low$111−55.1%
1995$228+105.5%
1996$206−9.6%
1997$239+15.9%
1998$246+3.1%
1999$265+7.6%
2000$252−4.9%
2001$237−5.8%
2002$234−1.4%
2003$249+6.4%
2004$270+8.2%
2005$324+20.2%
2006$357+10.2%
2007$426+19.4%
2008$528+24.0%
2009$564+6.8%
2010$594+5.2%
2011$651+9.7%
2012$707+8.6%
2013$705−0.3%
2014$725+2.8%
2015$734+1.2%
2016$730−0.6%
2017$758+3.9%
2018$772+1.8%
2019$810+5.0%
2020$779−3.9%
2021$830+6.5%
2022$975+17.6%
2023high$1,027+5.3%
2024latest$1000−2.7%

prices

1.8%

A year’s rise in consumer prices, in 2024. The world’s median was 3.1%.

2024 · 1.8%

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median
the numbers35
whenvaluechange
19904.2%
199119.6%+15.5 pts
19929.6%−10.1 pts
199312.4%+2.79 pts
1994—
1995—
19967.4%
199712.0%+4.60 pts
19986.2%−5.81 pts
1999low−2.4%−8.62 pts
20003.9%+6.31 pts
20013.3%−0.56 pts
20022.0%−1.35 pts
20037.4%+5.46 pts
200412.3%+4.80 pts
20059.0%−3.24 pts
20068.9%−0.13 pts
20079.1%+0.20 pts
200815.4%+6.36 pts
200912.9%−2.49 pts
2010−0.2%−13.2 pts
20113.1%+3.33 pts
201210.3%+7.19 pts
20135.9%−4.35 pts
20142.4%−3.57 pts
20152.5%+0.17 pts
20167.2%+4.65 pts
20178.3%+1.11 pts
2018−0.3%−8.59 pts
20193.3%+3.66 pts
20209.9%+6.50 pts
2021−0.4%−10.2 pts
202217.7%+18.1 pts
2023high19.8%+2.10 pts
2024latest1.8%−18.0 pts

demographic curve

3.6 children per woman

Above replacement: still growing. Fell from 8.1 in 1980.

2024 · 3.6

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median · rule marks replacement (2.1)
the numbers65
whenvaluechange
1960high8.3
19618.30.0%
19628.3−0.1%
19638.30.0%
19648.30.0%
19658.2−0.2%
19668.2−0.2%
19678.2−0.2%
19688.2−0.3%
19698.2−0.1%
19708.1−0.4%
19718.1−0.7%
19728.10.0%
19738.10.0%
19748.1+0.1%
19758.1−0.1%
19768.1+0.3%
19778.1+0.2%
19788.2+0.2%
19798.1−0.3%
19808.1−0.2%
19818.1−0.2%
19828.1−0.5%
19838.0−0.8%
19847.9−1.1%
19857.8−1.6%
19867.6−2.2%
19877.4−2.4%
19887.2−2.6%
19897.0−2.8%
19906.8−3.2%
19916.6−2.7%
19926.5−1.3%
19936.5−0.9%
19946.4−1.0%
19956.3−1.1%
19966.3−0.9%
19976.2−0.9%
19986.2−1.0%
19996.1−1.8%
20006.0−1.5%
20015.9−1.2%
20025.8−1.3%
20035.7−1.4%
20045.6−1.7%
20055.5−2.5%
20065.3−3.0%
20075.1−3.6%
20084.9−4.3%
20094.7−4.4%
20104.5−3.9%
20114.3−4.2%
20124.2−3.0%
20134.1−1.5%
20144.1−0.5%
20154.1−0.2%
20164.10.0%
20174.1−0.5%
20184.0−0.9%
20194.0−1.5%
20203.9−1.8%
20213.8−1.8%
20223.8−1.6%
20233.7−2.1%
2024latest3.6−1.4%

Metrics

  1. population
    14M
    77 of 176
    REST Countries · UN data
  2. gdp
    $14B
    140 of 170
    World Bank · latest available
  3. gdp per capita
    $1,027
    151 of 170
    World Bank · latest available
  4. military spending
    $179M
    123 of 151
    SIPRI via World Bank
  5. military % of gdp
    1.3%
    94 of 148
    SIPRI via World Bank
  6. area
    26K km²
    150 of 176
    REST Countries
  7. population density
    538 /km²
    4 of 176
    zuhd — derived from population and area
  8. life expectancy
    67.8 yr
    130 of 175
    World Bank · latest available
  9. internet access
    34%
    139 of 166
    ITU via World Bank
  10. co₂ per capita
    0.16 t
    154 of 163
    World Bank · Climate Watch
  11. urbanisation
    30%
    153 of 168
    World Bank · UN DESA
  12. fertility rate
    3.6
    37 of 168
    World Bank · UN DESA
  13. foreign-born share
    3.6%
    89 of 167
    World Bank · UN DESA
  14. remittances % of gdp
    3.6%
    59 of 155
    World Bank · IMF BOP
  15. r&d % of gdp
    0.8%
    46 of 123
    UNESCO UIS via World Bank
  16. researchers per million
    133
    92 of 118
    UNESCO UIS via World Bank
  17. scientific articles / yr
    353
    108 of 168
    NSF / World Bank
  18. high-tech exports %
    5%
    89 of 153
    World Bank · UN Comtrade
  19. gini inequality
    39.4
    101 of 139
    World Bank · PovcalNet
  20. youth unemployment
    16%
    104 of 166
    ILO via World Bank
  21. adult literacy
    79%
    71 of 109
    UNESCO UIS via World Bank
  22. democracy (v-dem)
    0.09
    139 of 163
    V-Dem via Our World in Data
  23. clean government
    57
    38 of 164
    Transparency International via Our World in Data
  24. press freedom
    50.7
    141 of 163
    RSF via Our World in Data
  25. human development
    0.578
    130 of 164
    UNDP via Our World in Data
  26. refugees hosted
    114K
    50 of 150
    UNHCR via Our World in Data
  27. refugees produced
    249K
    15 of 152
    UNHCR via Our World in Data