WESTERN ASIA

Türkiye

Ankara · pop. 86M · Turkish · Turkish lira

Trajectories

economic complexity

#43

Climbing the complexity rankings, from #59 in 1995.

2024 · 0.70

Harvard Growth Lab · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers30

when	value	change
1995low	0.37
1996	0.38	+0.01 pts
1997	0.40	+0.01 pts
1998	0.42	+0.02 pts
1999	0.44	+0.03 pts
2000	0.47	+0.03 pts
2001	0.48	+0.01 pts
2002	0.42	−0.06 pts
2003	0.45	+0.02 pts
2004	0.47	+0.03 pts
2005	0.51	+0.04 pts
2006	0.51	0 pts
2007	0.52	+0.01 pts
2008	0.54	+0.02 pts
2009	0.48	−0.06 pts
2010	0.51	+0.03 pts
2011	0.50	−0.01 pts
2012	0.58	+0.08 pts
2013	0.57	−0.01 pts
2014	0.60	+0.03 pts
2015	0.58	−0.02 pts
2016	0.60	+0.02 pts
2017	0.61	+0.01 pts
2018	0.59	−0.01 pts
2019	0.59	0 pts
2020	0.59	0 pts
2021	0.58	−0.01 pts
2022	0.63	+0.05 pts
2023	0.68	+0.05 pts
2024latest	0.70	+0.02 pts

economic momentum

$15.9K

Tripled since 2000. GDP per head in 2024, in current US dollars.

2024 · $15.9K

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers35

when	value	change
1990	$2,690
1991	$2,649	−1.5%
1992	$2,744	+3.6%
1993	$3,058	+11.5%
1994low	$2,176	−28.8%
1995	$3,846	+76.7%
1996	$4,041	+5.1%
1997	$4,197	+3.9%
1998	$4,331	+3.2%
1999	$3,974	−8.2%
2000	$4,199	+5.7%
2001	$3,052	−27.3%
2002	$3,591	+17.7%
2003	$4,650	+29.5%
2004	$5,980	+28.6%
2005	$7,332	+22.6%
2006	$7,990	+9.0%
2007	$9,767	+22.2%
2008	$10.9K	+11.7%
2009	$9,077	−16.8%
2010	$10.7K	+17.9%
2011	$11.4K	+6.3%
2012	$11.8K	+3.5%
2013	$12.6K	+7.3%
2014	$12.2K	−3.4%
2015	$11.1K	−9.4%
2016	$11.0K	−0.7%
2017	$10.8K	−2.1%
2018	$9,684	−10.0%
2019	$9,395	−3.0%
2020	$8,798	−6.4%
2021	$9,982	+13.5%
2022	$10.9K	+9.2%
2023	$13.4K	+22.7%
2024latest	$15.9K	+18.8%

prices

58.5%

A year’s rise in consumer prices, in 2024. The world’s median was 3.1%.

2024 · 58.5%

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers35

when	value	change
1990	60.3%
1991	66.0%	+5.67 pts
1992	70.1%	+4.10 pts
1993	66.1%	−3.98 pts
1994high	105%	+39.1 pts
1995	89.1%	−16.1 pts
1996	80.4%	−8.70 pts
1997	85.7%	+5.26 pts
1998	84.6%	−1.03 pts
1999	64.9%	−19.8 pts
2000	54.9%	−9.95 pts
2001	54.4%	−0.52 pts
2002	45.0%	−9.44 pts
2003	21.6%	−23.4 pts
2004	8.6%	−13.0 pts
2005	8.2%	−0.42 pts
2006	9.6%	+1.42 pts
2007	8.8%	−0.84 pts
2008	10.4%	+1.69 pts
2009low	6.3%	−4.19 pts
2010	8.6%	+2.32 pts
2011	6.5%	−2.09 pts
2012	8.9%	+2.42 pts
2013	7.5%	−1.40 pts
2014	8.9%	+1.36 pts
2015	7.7%	−1.18 pts
2016	7.8%	+0.10 pts
2017	11.1%	+3.37 pts
2018	16.3%	+5.19 pts
2019	15.2%	−1.16 pts
2020	12.3%	−2.90 pts
2021	19.6%	+7.32 pts
2022	72.3%	+52.7 pts
2023	53.9%	−18.4 pts
2024latest	58.5%	+4.65 pts

demographic curve

1.5 children per woman

Below replacement: shrinking in the long run unless migration offsets it. Fell from 4.5 in 1980.

2024 · 1.5

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median · rule marks replacement (2.1)

the numbers65

when	value	change
1960	6.4
1961high	6.4	+0.6%
1962	6.4	−0.6%
1963	6.3	−0.7%
1964	6.3	−0.8%
1965	6.2	−1.1%
1966	6.2	−1.1%
1967	6.1	−1.5%
1968	6.0	−1.6%
1969	5.9	−1.5%
1970	5.8	−1.7%
1971	5.7	−1.8%
1972	5.5	−2.2%
1973	5.4	−2.5%
1974	5.2	−3.1%
1975	5.1	−3.0%
1976	4.9	−3.1%
1977	4.8	−3.0%
1978	4.7	−1.9%
1979	4.6	−2.4%
1980	4.5	−2.8%
1981	4.4	−2.3%
1982	4.2	−3.4%
1983	4.1	−3.5%
1984	3.9	−3.6%
1985	3.8	−3.4%
1986	3.7	−3.2%
1987	3.5	−3.2%
1988	3.4	−2.7%
1989	3.3	−3.2%
1990	3.1	−6.9%
1991	3.0	−3.3%
1992	2.9	−2.1%
1993	2.9	−0.8%
1994	2.9	−1.4%
1995	2.8	−1.4%
1996	2.8	−2.0%
1997	2.7	−1.3%
1998	2.7	−1.3%
1999	2.6	−2.8%
2000	2.5	−5.4%
2001	2.4	−3.8%
2002	2.3	−5.2%
2003	2.2	−2.9%
2004	2.2	−0.2%
2005	2.2	0.0%
2006	2.2	−0.2%
2007	2.2	−1.5%
2008	2.1	−0.5%
2009	2.1	−2.3%
2010	2.1	−1.0%
2011	2.0	−1.4%
2012	2.1	+2.9%
2013	2.1	0.0%
2014	2.2	+3.8%
2015	2.2	−1.4%
2016	2.1	−2.3%
2017	2.1	−1.4%
2018	2.0	−3.8%
2019	1.9	−5.5%
2020	1.8	−6.3%
2021	1.7	−3.4%
2022	1.6	−4.7%
2023	1.5	−7.4%
2024latest	1.5	−2.0%

Metrics

population

86M

18 of 176

REST Countries · UN data
gdp

$1.1T

19 of 170

World Bank · latest available
gdp per capita

$13,375

60 of 170

World Bank · latest available
military spending

$20B

19 of 151

SIPRI via World Bank
military % of gdp

1.7%

68 of 148

SIPRI via World Bank
area

784K km²

38 of 176

REST Countries
population density

110 /km²

56 of 176

zuhd — derived from population and area
life expectancy

77.2 yr

61 of 175

World Bank · latest available
internet access

86%

66 of 166

ITU via World Bank
co₂ per capita

5.4 t

42 of 163

World Bank · Climate Watch
urbanisation

89%

17 of 168

World Bank · UN DESA
fertility rate

1.5

127 of 168

World Bank · UN DESA
foreign-born share

8.1%

57 of 167

World Bank · UN DESA
remittances % of gdp

0.1%

146 of 155

World Bank · IMF BOP
r&d % of gdp

1.4%

33 of 123

UNESCO UIS via World Bank
researchers per million

2,645

32 of 118

UNESCO UIS via World Bank
scientific articles / yr

53K

16 of 168

NSF / World Bank
high-tech exports %

5%

90 of 153

World Bank · UN Comtrade
gini inequality

43.7

122 of 139

World Bank · PovcalNet
youth unemployment

16%

105 of 166

ILO via World Bank
adult literacy

97%

30 of 109

UNESCO UIS via World Bank
democracy (v-dem)

0.11

125 of 163

V-Dem via Our World in Data
clean government

34

98 of 164

Transparency International via Our World in Data
press freedom

49.8

138 of 163

RSF via Our World in Data
human development

0.853

44 of 164

UNDP via Our World in Data
refugees hosted

2.9M

2 of 150

UNHCR via Our World in Data
refugees produced

140K

22 of 152

UNHCR via Our World in Data