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SOUTH AMERICA

Venezuela

VE

Caracas · pop. 29M · Spanish · Venezuelan bolívar soberano

Trajectories

economic complexity

#133

Slipping in export sophistication, from #47 in 1995.

2024 · −1.60

Harvard Growth Lab · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers30

when	value	change
1995	0.55
1996	0.42	−0.13 pts
1997	0.44	+0.02 pts
1998	0.54	+0.10 pts
1999	0.41	−0.13 pts
2000	0.46	+0.05 pts
2001	0.49	+0.03 pts
2002	0.48	−0.01 pts
2003high	0.56	+0.08 pts
2004	0.45	−0.11 pts
2005	0.54	+0.10 pts
2006	0.26	−0.29 pts
2007	0.08	−0.17 pts
2008	0.23	+0.15 pts
2009	0.18	−0.05 pts
2010	0.22	+0.03 pts
2011	−0.01	−0.23 pts
2012	−0.73	−0.71 pts
2013	−0.49	+0.24 pts
2014	−0.71	−0.22 pts
2015	−0.78	−0.07 pts
2016	−0.73	+0.05 pts
2017	−0.76	−0.03 pts
2018	−0.91	−0.15 pts
2019	−1.02	−0.11 pts
2020	−0.93	+0.09 pts
2021	−1.16	−0.23 pts
2022	−1.14	+0.01 pts
2023	−1.33	−0.19 pts
2024latest	−1.60	−0.27 pts

economic momentum

$4,218

Roughly flat since 2000. GDP per head in 2024, in current US dollars.

2024 · $4,218

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers35

when	value	change
1990	$2,452
1991	$2,633	+7.4%
1992	$2,907	+10.4%
1993	$2,825	−2.8%
1994	$2,689	−4.8%
1995	$3,487	+29.7%
1996	$3,113	−10.7%
1997	$3,711	+19.2%
1998	$3,870	+4.3%
1999	$4,071	+5.2%
2000	$4,776	+17.3%
2001	$4,920	+3.0%
2002	$3,652	−25.8%
2003	$3,230	−11.6%
2004	$4,269	+32.2%
2005	$5,432	+27.3%
2006	$6,739	+24.1%
2007	$8,332	+23.6%
2008	$11.3K	+35.2%
2009	$11.6K	+3.0%
2010high	$13.6K	+17.7%
2011	$10.8K	−20.5%
2012	$12.6K	+16.3%
2013	$8,656	−31.3%
2014	$7,096	−18.0%
2015	$4,103	−42.2%
2016	$3,670	−10.6%
2017	$3,791	+3.3%
2018	$3,423	−9.7%
2019	$2,523	−26.3%
2020low	$1,506	−40.3%
2021	$2,005	+33.1%
2022	$3,155	+57.4%
2023	$3,617	+14.7%
2024latest	$4,218	+16.6%

prices

255%

A year’s rise in consumer prices, in 2016. The world’s median was 2.0%.

2016 · 255%

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median

the numbers8

when	value	change
2009	27.1%
2010	28.2%	+1.11 pts
2011	26.1%	−2.10 pts
2012low	21.1%	−5.02 pts
2013	40.6%	+19.6 pts
2014	62.2%	+21.5 pts
2015	122%	+59.6 pts
2016latest	255%	+133 pts

demographic curve

2.1 children per woman

Near replacement (2.1): the population is stabilising. Fell from 4.2 in 1980.

2024 · 2.1

World Bank · thin line is the world’s median · rule marks replacement (2.1)

the numbers65

when	value	change
1960high	6.4
1961	6.3	−1.3%
1962	6.2	−1.1%
1963	6.2	−1.2%
1964	6.1	−1.4%
1965	6.0	−1.5%
1966	5.9	−1.8%
1967	5.7	−2.1%
1968	5.6	−2.3%
1969	5.5	−2.6%
1970	5.3	−2.7%
1971	5.2	−2.8%
1972	5.0	−2.7%
1973	4.9	−2.6%
1974	4.8	−2.3%
1975	4.7	−2.2%
1976	4.6	−2.1%
1977	4.5	−2.1%
1978	4.4	−2.2%
1979	4.3	−2.3%
1980	4.2	−2.3%
1981	4.1	−2.3%
1982	4.0	−2.2%
1983	3.9	−2.0%
1984	3.9	−1.8%
1985	3.8	−1.7%
1986	3.7	−1.7%
1987	3.7	−1.7%
1988	3.6	−1.9%
1989	3.5	−2.0%
1990	3.4	−2.2%
1991	3.4	−2.3%
1992	3.3	−2.3%
1993	3.2	−2.2%
1994	3.1	−2.2%
1995	3.1	−2.1%
1996	3.0	−1.9%
1997	3.0	−1.8%
1998	2.9	−1.9%
1999	2.9	−1.9%
2000	2.8	−2.3%
2001	2.8	−0.4%
2002	2.7	−1.4%
2003	2.7	−1.3%
2004	2.6	−2.4%
2005	2.6	−0.4%
2006	2.6	−1.3%
2007	2.5	−2.7%
2008	2.5	−1.9%
2009	2.4	−2.1%
2010	2.4	−1.1%
2011	2.4	+0.1%
2012	2.4	−0.8%
2013	2.3	−1.9%
2014	2.3	−1.6%
2015	2.3	−1.9%
2016	2.2	−1.6%
2017	2.2	−1.5%
2018	2.2	−1.5%
2019	2.1	−0.9%
2020	2.1	−0.7%
2021	2.1	−0.5%
2022	2.1	−0.8%
2023	2.1	−0.4%
2024latest	2.1	−0.1%

Metrics

population

29M

53 of 176

REST Countries · UN data
gdp

$102B

71 of 170

World Bank · latest available
gdp per capita

$3,617

111 of 170

World Bank · latest available
military spending

$4M

148 of 151

SIPRI via World Bank
military % of gdp

0.5%

141 of 148

SIPRI via World Bank
area

916K km²

34 of 176

REST Countries
population density

31.7 /km²

124 of 176

zuhd — derived from population and area
life expectancy

72.5 yr

98 of 175

World Bank · latest available
co₂ per capita

3.4 t

74 of 163

World Bank · Climate Watch
urbanisation

89%

18 of 168

World Bank · UN DESA
fertility rate

2.1

85 of 168

World Bank · UN DESA
foreign-born share

4.4%

81 of 167

World Bank · UN DESA
remittances % of gdp

0.2%

137 of 155

World Bank · IMF BOP
researchers per million

180

86 of 118

UNESCO UIS via World Bank
scientific articles / yr

512

97 of 168

NSF / World Bank
youth unemployment

10%

68 of 166

ILO via World Bank
adult literacy

97%

31 of 109

UNESCO UIS via World Bank
democracy (v-dem)

0.04

155 of 163

V-Dem via Our World in Data
clean government

10

162 of 164

Transparency International via Our World in Data
press freedom

47.6

133 of 163

RSF via Our World in Data
human development

0.709

101 of 164

UNDP via Our World in Data
refugees hosted

19K

83 of 150

UNHCR via Our World in Data
refugees produced

370K

11 of 152

UNHCR via Our World in Data

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