A leaked program, codenamed C430L, started in 2023.

The missiles could outrun defenses deployed against Iran’s current arsenal.

Russia’s state arms exporter coordinated the transfer of expertise, not hardware, according to the Financial Times investigation.

It remains unclear whether the program has moved from expertise to hardware transfer.

How each outlet framed it

drawn from 100+ reports worldwide

The Kyiv Independent
emphasizes ramjet propulsion threat to U.S. naval defense, reducing interception time for supersonic cruise missiles

Sources: The Kyiv Independent