Unified Payments Interface fees start above Rs 2,000.

Small merchants above that line may face a fee they cannot legally pass to customers.

A notification exempting payments under Rs 2,000 is the first rule to acknowledge fees exist, opening room for a merchant charge above it.

India’s payments committee has yet to set the rate above the threshold.

How each outlet framed it

drawn from 100+ reports worldwide

The Indian Express
Rediff.com India Ltd. leans critical
emphasizes Rahul Gandhi's allegations Modi capitulating to American pressure and enabling UPI fees to benefit foreign companies
MoneyControl
clarifies merchant-only MDR charges exempt consumers, notes government hasn't formally set rates despite political controversy

Sources: The Indian Express, Rediff.com India Ltd., MoneyControl