NiameyTelecom firms have carried out roughly 100 African internet shutdowns since 2016.
Operating licences turn telecom firms into the government’s enforcement arm the moment protest goes online.
Researchers say MTN let Congo-Brazzaville’s presidential security service, accused of extrajudicial killings, use its network to track dissidents.
No operator has ever been held accountable for a shutdown, the #KeepItOn coalition says.
How each outlet framed it
- Global Voices leans critical
- foregrounds telcos as tools of state repression, examining corporate accountability when governments pressure shutdowns
Sources: Global Voices