GhanaGold drove more deforestation than any mineral, 2001-2019.

Gold’s 120% five-year rise makes remote forest mining pay, Amazon Conservation says.

Small-scale mining, up to 20% of supply, passes as recycled gold, says Neil Harby of the London Bullion Market Association.

Professor Victoire Girard says a simple ban fails because illegal mining is a livelihood for millions.

London hosts the Illicit Finance Summit in December, where Fern and other groups will present an illegal-mining roadmap.

How each outlet framed it
Reuters
emphasizes gold smuggling and laundering through re-smelting as a driver of deforestation, linking price spikes to criminal gangs

Sources: Reuters